History of Leprosy
The history of leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, is long and complex, marked by periods of fear, misunderstanding, and eventually medical progress.
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Ancient Origins
​Leprosy is one of the oldest recorded diseases, with evidence found in ancient texts and skeletal remains dating back thousands of years. Evidence suggests its origins may trace back to areas in Africa or Asia, with spread occurring along migration and trade routes.
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Early mentions appear in ancient Indian medical texts and Egyptian papyri.​​​
Depiction of a person with leprosy – Medieval period, artist unknown.​
Spread and Stigma
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​The disease spread through Asia, Europe, and Africa over centuries. During the Middle Ages, leprosy was widely feared, leading to social isolation and the establishment of leper colonies. Misconceptions about its causes led to significant stigma and discrimination.
Two lepers denied entry into a town c.14th century​
Scientific Breakthrough
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In 1873, Norwegian physician Gerhard Armauer Hansen discovered the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae as the cause of leprosy. Whilst at first his discovery did not receive widespread support, ultimately the theory met with acceptance from the medical fraternity and this breakthrough marked a crucial turning point for the treatment and control of the disease.
Norwegian physician Gerhard Armauer Hansen discovered M. leprae in 1873
– thereafter, leprosy was often called Hansen’s Disease after Dr. Hansen
Modern Treatment
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The 20th century brought significant advancements in treatment. Multidrug therapy (MDT), developed in the 1980s, became the standard treatment, effectively curing leprosy and reducing its spread. Currently, the World Health Organization is at the forefront of the fight to eradicate Leprosy.
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Despite effective treatment, stigma and discrimination persist in some areas. Efforts continue to focus on early detection, treatment, and rehabilitation to prevent disabilities and improve the lives of those affected. In essence, leprosy's history is a story of a disease that has caused immense suffering and fear, but one that is now treatable, allowing for the work to be done to eradicate it.
“The biggest disease today is not leprosy or tuberculosis, but rather the feeling of being unwanted”
Mother Teresa
